Apple cider vinegar is a type of vinegar made by the fermentation of apple cider. During this process, sugar in the apple cider is broken down by bacteria and yeast into alcohol and then into vinegar. Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid and some lactic, citric and malic acids. Apple cider vineg...

Pectin is a complex carbohydrate, which is found both in the cell walls of plants, and between the cell walls, helping to regulate the flow of water in between cells and keeping them rigid. When apples are just ripe they have a firm and crisp texture mainly due to the presence of pectin.

Boiling is the cooking method that causes the greatest loss of nutrients in vegetables. Many of the water-soluble vitamins as well as other nutrients are transferred into the water and lost if the vegetables are drained. Boiling and draining vegetables results in a loss of 75% of the vitamin C and f...